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Jesus endured the torture and the mocking for us. How can we embrace his sacrificial attitude? [Matthew 27:27-31; 27:32-44] Previous Matthew Index Next Matthew 27:27-44 Jesus endured the torture and the mocking for us. How can we embrace his sacrificial attitude? Édouard Manet, Jesus Mocked by the Soldiers , 1865, oil on canvas, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Photo taken by Tom Faletti, 21 July 2018. Tom Faletti September 20, 2025 Matthew 27:27-31 The crown of thorns A Roman cohort had six “centuries” of up to 80 soldiers each, so there were 480 soldiers in a full cohort. Each century was headed by a centurion. We don’t know whether Pilate had brought an entire cohort to Jerusalem when he came to make sure things stayed under control during the Passover feast, but he certainly would have had a large force in order to be ready to deal with the crowds that swelled the city during the feast. What did the soldiers in Pilate’s cohort do? What do you think they thought of Jesus? How might they have viewed him? What was the point of the crown of thorns? Why do you think they mocked Jesus as “King of the Jews”? Matthew 27:32-44 Jesus’s crucifixion and the people who interact with him during it In this section, we will look at the crucifixion of Jesus through the perspective of the people who interacted with him during his final hours. We will see in verse 55 that there were other people present, standing at a distance, but right now we will focus on the people who directly interacted with Jesus. Simon from Cyrene: Verse 32 How does Simon end up in Jesus’s story? Cyrene was the capital city of a Roman province called Cyrenaica on the north coast of Africa. He had probably come to Jerusalem for the Passover feast. He was pressed into service. Roman soldiers had the right to demand that people in occupied territories perform services for them: for example, to carry a burden for up to a mile. He was asked to carry Jesus’s cross. What do you think Simon thought of Jesus? How might he have viewed him? Do you think his view of Jesus might have been affected by helping Jesus carry his cross? Mark 15:21 says that Simon was “the father of Alexander and Rufus.” This implies that Mark knew them, so they were probably Christians when Mark wrote his Gospel. This leads to at least two possibilities: (1) Simon may have already been a follower of Jesus, who was following Jesus on his path to his execution and was grabbed by the Roman soldiers and forced to help Jesus. In this case, Simon’s sons must have been known to Mark’s community when Mark was writing. (2) Simon may not have had anything to do with Jesus before he was pressed into service by the Romans. Luke 23:26 says that Simon was coming in from the country, so he was not following what was happening to Jesus. In this case, although Simon may not have been a follower of Jesus when he was pressed into service, by the time Mark wrote, Simon’s sons must have become known among the believers. In this case, Simon may have experienced a conversion after or as a result of helping Jesus carry his cross. When you are given the opportunity to do something that “helps” Jesus – that helps make Jesus or the kingdom of God a little more real for someone – how does it make you feel? In what ways are you being called to help carry Jesus’s cross in your life today? Is there someone you know who is carrying a heavy cross right now, and you might be able to help lighten their load by helping them bear the burden? What could you do to help them carry their cross? The soldiers in the unit that crucified Jesus: Verses 33-37 The soldiers took Jesus to the site of his execution. John tells us there were 4 soldiers directly involved in the crucifixion (John 19:23). The Jews did not allow executions within the walls of God’s holy city of Jerusalem, and the Romans appear to have been honoring this practice. Jesus is taken to Golgotha, a small hill that was, at that time, outside the city walls. “Golgotha” was an Aramaic word for “skull.” (“Calvary” is Latin for “skull,” which is why we know it as Calvary.) The most common explanation for why it had this name is that it was shaped like a skull, but some scholars think the name arose because it was used for executions. What did these soldiers do? (They did a lot. Look at verses 32, 34, 35a, 35b, 36, and 37.) In verse 34, Jesus was offered wine mixed with gall, a painkilling drug intended to deaden the pain as they drove the nails through his hands and feet. Matthew doesn’t mention it, but this is often seen as fulfilling Psalm 69:2, which reads: “They gave me poison for food, / and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink” (Psalm 69:21, NRSV). Jesus refused the painkiller, choosing to fully experience the worst of it. The Roman soldiers had a right to take a condemned man’s garments. The dividing of the garments recalls Psalm 22:18 (NRSV; 22:19 in the NABRE). What do you think these soldiers thought of Jesus? How might they have viewed him? How would the sign over Jesus’s head – “King of the Jews” (verse 37) – have been interpreted differently by the Romans and the Jews? Crucifixion was an excruciating torture. The victim had to lift his body to take every breath. If he became too exhausted to lift himself, he would not be able to breathe and would begin to suffocate. Meanwhile, flies and birds would be attacking his bleeding wounds, and he would be helpless to stop them. Jesus submitted willingly to this torture – for us. What does his crucifixion mean to you? The two criminals crucified with Jesus: Verses 38, 44 The two criminals who were crucified with Jesus are variously called bandits, revolutionaries, criminals, thieves, robbers, rebels, or outlaws, depending on the translation. The word’s root originally carried a meaning that involved plunder, but it is unclear what kind of criminals these men were. What do the criminals who were crucified with Jesus do? What do you think they thought of Jesus? How might they have viewed him? Note: Luke tells us that one of the two criminals crucified with Jesus (now often called the “Good Thief”) had a change of heart and Jesus said told him he would be with Jesus in Paradise (Luke 23:39-43), but Matthew does not have that story. The passersby: Verses 39-40 What do the passersby do? What do they specifically mock Jesus for? What do you think they thought of Jesus? How might they have viewed him? The chief priests, scribes, and elders: Verses 41-43 What do the chief priests and elders do? What do you think they thought of Jesus? How might they have viewed him? What do they specifically mock him for, in verse 42? in verse 43? Why are they focused on the claim that he is “the King of Israel”? Note: “King of the Jews” is how a foreigner such as Pilate would say it. The chief priests wouldn’t say “King of the Jews” any more than an American would refer to the “President of the Americans.” Jews would use the proper name for their nation: “King of Israel,” just as Americans would say “President of the United States.” “King of the Jews” is a foreigner’s way of referring to him. Why are they also focused on his claim to be the “Son of God”? What evidence would they offer in support of their claim that he was not the Son of God? How does Jesus’s refusal to “come down from the cross” show that Jesus’s claims are true? William Booth, the English Methodist preacher who with his wife Catherine founded the Salvation Army, is quoted as saying, “It is precisely because he would not come down that we believe in him” (quoted in many places, including William Barclay, The Gospel of Matthew, Volume 2 , p. 405). Why is the cross part of God’s plan and evidence that Jesus is God’s Son?? Almost every group of people present at the crucifixion mocked Jesus: the chief priests and elders, the passersby, and the two men crucified with him. How do you think Jesus felt as he faced all this mocking? The mocking seems to fulfill the statement in Psalm 22: “All who see me mock me…” (Psalm 22:7-8; 22:8-9 in the NABRE). Jesus will quote from the beginning of that psalm before he dies. It is interesting to note that the soldiers who were directly responsible for carrying out the crucifixion are not listed among those who mocked Jesus. Why do you think that is? Here are some of the possibilities: (1) Perhaps they did mock him, but Matthew has already told us that the whole cohort mocked him early and didn’t feel the need to reiterate it. (2) Perhaps in their mind they were just doing their jobs and weren’t personally invested in it. (3) Perhaps since Jesus didn’t resist or make their job difficult, they did not want to rile up a compliant captive. Or: (4) Perhaps they were impressed by him in some way. What might have impressed the soldiers about Jesus? If you had been there watching all of these people who interacted with Jesus, whose reactions to Jesus would have most intrigued or troubled you, or impressed or appalled you, and why? Why do you think Jesus put up with all this abuse and humiliation without responding? Have you ever been mocked or humiliated? How does Jesus’s example offer guidance to you if you should suffer such abuse in the future? What difference does it make to your faith, that Jesus endured all of this? Take a step back and consider this: Jesus is showing us in his Passion what he taught us in the Sermon on the Mount. In those teachings, way back at the beginning of his ministry, he said: Don’t be angry (Matt. 5:22). Turn the other cheek (5:39). Love your enemies (5:44). Pray to the Father, “Thy will be done” (6:9-10). Seek first the kingdom (6:33). Enter through the narrow gate (7:13). We are not all called to give up our lives literally as Jesus did, but we are all called to let go of ourselves, take up our cross, and follow him (Matt. 16:24), embracing his way of life. He teaches how to live as children of our Father in heaven, and he models that life for us. The life he taught and lived is “the road that leads to life” (7:14). Even when it doesn’t look like it, it is the way to life now and forever with Jesus. How can we embrace the sacrificial attitude Jesus modeled on the cross and taught in the Sermon on the Mount? When it seems hard to embrace Jesus’s way, you might consider talking with a mature believer and gaining their perspective. And talk it over honestly with God. You don’t need to hide anything from him (actually, you can’t). He wants you to share your struggles, not just your successes. He wants to be there with you when you doubt, not just when you are confident in your faith. Talk to Him. What would you like to ask his help with, right now? And if God’s grace has helped you to embrace the life that comes with giving up your life for Christ, are there people you could come alongside and be an encouragement to them when God seems distant? How can you shine the light you have been given, to be a blessing to others who feel like they are surrounded by the dark? Bibliography See Matthew - Bibliography at https://www.faithexplored.com/matthew/bibliography . Copyright © 2025, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Matthew Index Next

Peace and war; welcoming children; prisoners. (Paragraphs 7-10 of Spes Non Confundit) Previous Next Jubilee Year 2025: Embrace God’s Hope and Extend It to All Session 3: Where signs of hope are needed today, part 1 Peace and war; welcoming children; prisoners. (Read paragraphs 7-10) Link to S pes Non Confundit This ancient tree looks hollowed out and dead on the bottom (left), but it is still producing new leaves in its upper branches (right). Photo by Tom Faletti, On the grounds of the Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, Turkiye. October 26, 2023. Tom Faletti November 16, 2024 Everywhere we look in our world, hope is desperately needed. People everywhere are suffering. No one seems more aware of the magnitude of the suffering than Pope Francis. The whole world is his flock, and he calls on us to care as he cares. In the third section of Spes Non Confundit , Pope Francis discusses the many areas of people’s lives where greater hope is needed and what we can do about it. We will explore these areas over the next three sessions, starting with the difficult issues of war, the need to build a society where people want to welcome children into the world, and how to treat people in prison with dignity and respect. Our study guide questions will help us explore ways that leaders can work for peace in our world, but also ways we can be peacemakers in our own lives. We will also explore ways to encourage young people to be open to starting families, and ways that our justice system could do more to honor the human dignity of all people. It is our calling and privilege to bring God’s hope to all people, even in the most challenging circumstances. Read paragraphs 7-10 in preparation for this session. (Section 3) Signs of hope In paragraphs 7 through 15, Pope Francis discusses 8 areas of social life where hope is especially needed in our time. Where he provides scriptural references, we will explore them. Where he does not, we will look at Scripture passages that clearly speak to the concerns he raises. Paragraph 7 (signs of the times) 🔗 Pope Francis uses the term “signs of the times.” To read the signs of the times means to examine what is going on in the real world around us. Pope Francis recalls that the Second Vatican Council document Guadium et Spes (“Joy and Hope”) reminds the Church to interpret those “signs” in the light of the Gospel. That is what we will do in the next few sessions. Why is it important to use the Gospel in interpreting what is happening in our world today? Pope Francis does not want us to recognize only the challenges we face but also “the immense good present in our world” and “the yearning of human hearts” (par. 7). Why is it valuable to start by seeing the good and the desire for good, as we consider areas where people are suffering? Paragraph 8 (peace and war) 🔗 Pope Francis says the first sign of hope is the desire for peace amidst war. He finds it baffling, or perhaps shocking, that world leaders have not done more to resolve the many regional wars that are causing so much death and destruction around the world. He offers the Beatitudes as the starting point for discerning how to address the immense suffering caused by so many wars. Read Matthew 5:9 Who does Jesus call “blessed” in Matthew 5:9? What is a “peacemaker”? Jesus doesn’t bless those who “wish for” peace but those who are peace makers . What steps are required to be the kind of person who helps make peace? What is the vision of hope that God would want us to have as we respond to the wars that plague our world? What does Pope Francis want world leaders to do , in order to try to secure a lasting peace? Pope Francis mentions diplomacy. What is the role of diplomats and diplomacy in working for a lasting peace? Why are they important? In what ways can we encourage our leaders and diplomats to be peacemakers? Our leaders are not the only ones who need to be peacemakers. Pope Francis says, “The need for peace challenges us all.” We need to be peacemakers in our own lives – in our families, in our relationships, in our political conversations, in our workplaces, in our social media posts, in our parishes, etc. What are some concrete steps you can take to be a peacemaker in some area of your life where peacemaking may not always be your first impulse? It is hard to be a peacemaker if you do not have peace in your heart. How can you cultivate an inner peace at the core of your being? Suggested Activity: Explore the work of Pax Christi USA , a membership organization of Catholics working to promote peace and nonviolence and resist war, violence, domination, and racism. You can check to see if there is a local chapter of Pax Christi USA near you. Pax Christi USA is a member of Pax Christi International , a global Catholic peace movement. Paragraph 9 (welcoming children) 🔗 Why might Pope Francis be concerned that many young adults don’t want children? In the first part of paragraph 9, what are the societal issues Pope Francis identifies as reasons why people are less open to parenthood in our time? Read Psalm 127:3 In what ways are children a “gift” or “heritage” we receive from God? How is having children a result of hope? How does it also lead to additional hope? Pope Francis calls for a “social covenant” – i.e., public policies – that will help young adults embrace bringing children into the world. How might we do this in a way that is “inclusive and not ideological” and avoids making young adults feel pressured to have children? Paragraph 10 (prisoners) 🔗 In paragraph 10, Pope Francis asks us to think about people in prisons. What does he ask governments to do with regard to prisoners? In the second part of paragraph 10, Pope Francis quotes from Leviticus 25:10 and Isaiah 61:1-2 as a basis for proposing programs that would reintegrate prisoners into the community. Why might this be a worthwhile goal? What might be the positive effect of developing well-planned programs to do this? Pope Francis calls on Christians to demand dignified conditions for prisoners and respect for their human rights. Why do prisoners have a right to be treated with dignity despite their crimes? What is it about our faith that demands that they be treated with dignity? Suggested Activities: Find a Catholic prison ministry (through your diocese or online) that has a pen pal program for writing letters to a prisoner, and consider becoming a pen pal. Do some research about the treatment of prisoners in your local prisons and jails. If you find that they are being subjected to degrading or inhumane treatment or unsafe living conditions, contact a public official to express your concern. Throughout the Bible, people of God are unfairly imprisoned; for example, Joseph (Genesis 39); Jeremiah (Jer. 37-38); Shadrack, Meshack, and Abednego (Dan. 3); Daniel (Dan. 6); John the Baptist (Luke 3); Peter and other apostles (Acts 5); and Paul and Silas (Acts 16). Toward the end of the second part of paragraph 10, Pope Francis reminds us of the Church’s opposition to the death penalty, which is discussed in paragraph 2267 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church . You can read a statement of the Church’s position on capital punishment at “ New Revision of Number 2267 ” ( The Vatican , 1 Aug. 2018). Why does Pope Francis say that the death penalty “eliminates all hope of forgiveness and rehabilitation” (par. 10)? Why does the Roman Catholic Church oppose capital punishment? How is it "at odds with Christian faith" (par. 10)? Read John 8:1-11 In the story usually called “The Woman Caught in Adultery,” scribes and Pharisees come to Jesus and seek his approval to execute a woman. They want Him to join them in condemning her to death. He refuses. How is His response – “Neither do I condemn you” – a rejection of the death penalty? Why would God want us to preserve the life even of criminals? What can we do to help our society respect every human life, including the lives of prisoners? How can the way we treat prisoners become a sign of hope in our society? Suggested Activity: Explore the work of Catholic Mobilizing Network , an organization that uses education, advocacy, and prayer in its efforts to end the death penalty, promote responses that provide justice and support human dignity for both those who have been harmed and those who have caused harm, and foster approaches such as restorative justice that promote healing. Closing questions: In these paragraphs, Pope Francis explores problems where we might be tempted to think, “That’s just the way the world is.” He invites us instead to envision a different world that is guided by respect for the value and dignity of every human being. What are the commonalities in these problems: war, the hesitation to have children, and the harshness of prisons? How are the similar at a root level? What are the commonalities in the alternatives: peacemaking, welcoming children, and granting freedom to prisoners? How are they similar at a root level? What are the values or mindsets we are called to have, that would help us take the approach of hope as we confront these issues? Bibliography See Jubilee Year 2025 - Bibliography at https://www.faithexplored.com/jubilee-2025/bibliography . Copyright © 2025, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Jubilee 2025 Next

Sources used in this study of Spes Non Confundit. Previous Next Jubilee Year 2025: Embrace God’s Hope and Extend It to All Jubilee Year 2025 - Bibliography Sources used in this study of Spes Non Confundit . Link to S pes Non Confundit Photo by Tom Faletti, Canadensis, Pennsylvania, July 23, 2014. Tom Faletti November 16, 2024 Bibliography Decree on the Granting of the Indulgence During the Ordinary Jubilee Year 2025 Called by His Holiness Pope Francis , issued by Angelo Cardinal De Donatis, Major Penitentiary, from the Offices of the Apostolic Penitentiary, The Vatican, 13 May 2024, https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2024/05/13/0392/00808.html#en (scroll down for the English version). Francis, Pope. Spes Non Confundit (Bull of Indiction of the Ordinary Jubilee of the Year 2025) . The Vatican , 9 May 2024, https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/bulls/documents/20240509_spes-non-confundit_bolla-giubileo2025.html . “New Revision of Number 2267 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church on the Death Penalty – Rescriptum ‘Ex Audientia SS.MI’.” The Vatican , 1 Aug. 2018, https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20180801_catechismo-penadimorte_en.html . Copyright © 2024, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Jubilee 2025 Next

Faith, charity, and hope; life everlasting; death; happiness. (Paragraphs 18-21 of Spes Non Confundit) Previous Next Jubilee Year 2025: Embrace God’s Hope and Extend It to All Session 6: A life anchored in hope, part 1 Faith, charity, and hope; life everlasting; death; happiness. (Read paragraphs 18-21) Link to S pes Non Confundit Photo by Tom Faletti, Washington, DC, July 26, 2020. Tom Faletti November 13, 2024 When you complete this study, please give us feedback using this feedback form . Hope extends beyond the grave! It walks with us through even sin, death, and final judgment, as it accompanies us to our ultimate destination of everlasting life with God. That is the message of Pope Francis’s final section of Spes Non Confundit , which we begin to explore in this session. Because of Christ’s death and resurrection, we can remain anchored in hope and have confidence in our future. Our study guide questions will help us explore simple ways we can demonstrate our hope as we go through our everyday lives. We will also explore what eternal life is like, the reasons we can have hope of eternal life, and how life is a pilgrimage toward eternal life where death is not the final destination. Read paragraphs 18-21 in preparation for this session. (Section 5) Anchored in hope In this section, Pope Francis explores reasons why we can live a life anchored in hope. Paragraph 18 (hope gives direction and purpose to life) 🔗 Read Romans 15:13 In Romans 15:13, Paul describes God as a “God of hope.” In what ways is God a God of hope? According to Paul, what does God fill us with, that enables us to abound in hope? How does the Holy Spirit play a role in our ability to abound in hope? In paragraph 18 of Spes Non Confundit , Pope Francis says that when we abound in hope, “we may bear credible and attractive witness to the faith and love that dwell in our hearts.” What does this mean? Pope Francis shows a keen awareness that we can serve God in the most mundane parts of our everyday lives. God is present in the so-called “secular” spaces of our lives as well as the “sacred” spaces. What are some specific examples Pope Francis suggests for how we can demonstrate our hope in our ordinary, everyday interactions with others? Pope Francis’s examples show how simple actions can bear witness to our faith and the love of God. What are some simple actions you could adopt or make more habitual that would bear witness to the love of God even if you did not have an opportunity to say a word? Read 1 Peter 3:15 How can the little ways that we live our lives open up opportunities for us to share the reasons why we have hope? How can you let your hope show more clearly to the people around you? Suggested Activities: Pay attention to the little things that some people do that bring life, joy, and hope into their interactions with other people. Then considers ways that you can be a similar vehicle of God’s hope and joy. Make a point of looking up at and smiling at your children and loved ones when they come in the door of your house. Make eye contact and smile when people walk by you at work. Look for the little things you can do that might make other people’s loads a little lighter, and do those things without calling attention to yourself. Start each conversation with something positive rather than something negative. Make saying “thank you” a habit. Paragraph 19 (life everlasting) 🔗 Read John 11:21-27 What does Jesus mean when he says that believers who die will live? What does this teaching mean to you? How does it give you hope or comfort? Pope Francis says that we can have hope because we know that in the end we will encounter the Lord of glory. How does knowing that in the end you will see and be with Jesus affect how you live your life? Suggested Activity: Spend some time by yourself, contemplating what it will be like when you have left this world and are present with Jesus. Open your heart to His presence now. See the love in His welcoming face and soak up His love. Talk to Him. Listen to what He says to you. Then carry that awareness of the presence of Jesus back into your everyday life. Paragraph 20 (death, and Jesus’s resurrection) 🔗 Read 1 Corinthians 15:3-8 In paragraph 20, Pope Francis confronts the fact that, although we have hope of eternal life, we still have to deal with the reality of death. He quotes 1 Corinthians 15:3-5. What does Paul say in that passage? Pope Francis calls attention to four verbs that apply to Jesus: He died , was buried , was raised , and appeared . Why are these verbs so important? In paragraph 20, Pope Francis quotes from one of the prefaces that can be prayed in the Mass of the dead used for funeral Masses, which states that when a person dies, “life is changed, not ended.” What does this mean and how does it offer hope? In the second part of paragraph 20, Pope Francis says that we have “a life capable of transfiguring death’s drama.” What does that mean? How does the life we have in God take some of the drama out of death? If life is a pilgrimage toward life everlasting, as Pope Francis says at the end of the second part of paragraph 20, then what role does death play in what is to come? How do you want to live your life now, knowing that in the end you will be with your loving Father and His Son Jesus? The third and fourth parts of paragraph 20 focus on the example of the martyrs. How do they provide insight into the image of life as a pilgrimage? How do they provide support for the hope we have that transcends death? Suggested Activity: Pick a martyr whose story speaks to your heart and learn more about them. Go beyond the obituary facts. Learn about their thinking, their spiritual life, how they related to God during their life, how they communicated the love of God to others as they lived. Try to emulate something you find attractive in the way they lived. Paragraph 21 (happiness) 🔗 In paragraph 21, Pope Francis discusses what life after death is like. Our human understanding of heaven is limited, but God has revealed some things about what heaven will be like. What are some of the things we will experience in eternal life? “Happiness” is a term often used to describe what life is like for those who live in full communion with God in heaven. The second part of paragraph 21 tries to describe that happiness. What will the happiness of heaven include? Read Romans 8:38-39 Pope Francis quotes from the apostle Paul as he discusses the love of God that we will ultimately experience. What does Romans 8:38-39 tell us about the love of God? If none of the things that Paul mentions in Romans 8:38-39 can keep us from God’s love, what does that tell us about God? How does this understanding of eternal life give you hope? How does knowing that we can live forever in full communion with God free us to do more, rather than less, to extend the love of God to the least among us who struggle so much in our present world? Suggested Activity: Think about people who are facing grave trials in our world today (Romans 8:35 provides examples such as war, persecution, and famine). Place yourself in their shoes and feel their agony. See them as God, who loves them dearly, sees them. Pray for them. Pray that they will experience the love of God in the midst of their trials. Pray that God’s people will work to ease their suffering. Closing question: Look over the questions we have considered in this session. What especially gives you hope or stands out as especially important from this week's material, and why? When you complete this study, please give us feedback using this feedback form . You can also share your thoughts using the Contact Form at the bottom of this page. Bibliography See Jubilee Year 2025 - Bibliography at https://www.faithexplored.com/jubilee-2025/bibliography . Copyright © 2025, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Jubilee 2025 Next

What does God want us to see? And once we see the real world as he sees it, how would he like us to respond? Previous Matthew Index Next Matthew 20:29-34 What does God want us to see? And once we see the real world as he sees it, how would he like us to respond? Artist unknown. Kristus helbreder de to blinde ved Jericho [The Healing of the Two Blind Men at Jericho] . 16th century. Cropped. Statens Museum for Kunst (National Gallery of Denmark), Copenhagen, Denmark. Public domain, SMK, https://open.smk.dk/en/artwork/image/KMSsp689?q=Kristus%20helbreder%20de%20to%20blinde%20ved%20Jericho&page=0 . Tom Faletti July 5, 2025 Matthew 20:29-34 Two blind men call on Jesus as the “Son of David” Matthew now returns to his narrative about Jesus’s walk to Jerusalem. We are now around 15 miles or so from Jerusalem. The city of Jericho was more than 800 feet below sea level, in the Rift Valley that includes the Dead Sea (the Salt Sea). Jerusalem is approximately 2,500 feet above sea level. So, from Jericho, it is climb of more than half a mile in altitude, through canyons and hills, over a 15-mile walk. The road they are walking on is the road that was famous for robbers – the road Jesus talked about in the story of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:29-37). Jesus is leaving Jericho, embarking on the climb to Jerusalem, when this incident happens. The story was probably told frequently: it appears in Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Mark tells us the name of one of the men: Bartimaeus (Mark 10:46), which suggests that Bartimaeus may have become a well-known member of the church. Matthew has already told us a similar story in 9:27-31. Some scholars suggest that they are the same story told in different ways, but the details of the stories are very different. Who is walking with Jesus? Who starts shouting, and what do they say? What is the reaction of the crowd? When the blind men keep shouting, what does Jesus do? What does he ask them? When the blind men tell Jesus they want to see, what is Jesus’s emotional reaction? What does Jesus do? What do the men’s actions tell us about them? Are they mild-mannered and easily pushed around? Are they easily discouraged? Does their blindness cause them to be ignorant of what is going on in their town? What do these things tell us about them? This is the one chance these men will ever have to be healed of their blindness, and they are not willing to let anything stand in the way of seeking the One who can make a difference in their lives. Are we so committed to seeking out the Lord? What does the example of these men say to us about our own approach to God? The blind men call him “Son of David.” In Matthew’s Gospel, that term is used by people seeking healing – see, for example, 9:27 and 15:22. In the next scene, where Jesus enters Jerusalem riding on a donkey, Matthew’s is the only Gospel where that phrase is used by the crowds, who call Jesus the “Son of David.” What does “Son of David” mean? David was the great king of Israel, and the Jews always expected that one day a descendant of David would once again rule them. King Solomon was the immediate son of David, according to the flesh. At the time of Jesus, some people believed that Solomon had powers (verse 7:20 in the apocryphal book of Wisdom, which was written in the voice of Solomon, claimed he had knowledge of nature-based healing methods). Jesus is the “son” of David in the sense that he is a descendant of David, and Christians understand him to be the “Son of David” messianically. The fact that the blind men call Jesus “Lord” and “Son of David” suggests that they recognize that Jesus is the Messiah. Although Jesus previously told evil spirits not to tell that to anyone, Jesus does not tell them to be quiet. Perhaps now that he is so near to his crucifixion it no longer matters. Commentators have always seen this story as about more than a physical healing: it speaks to the issue of spiritual blindness and sight. What do you think this story might suggest about spiritual blindness? Though these men are physically blind, they are closer to the truth than many “seeing” people, who are spiritually blind. How can we avoid spiritual blindness? Jesus doesn’t heal the men immediately. Although their need was probably very obvious, he first asks them what they want and waits for them to give him an answer. Do you think that is true in general in our relationship with God – that God waits for us to ask specifically before he answers? Why? Notice that they don’t say, “We want to see.” They specify what they hope Jesus will do: “Lord, let our eyes be opened.” They are specifically asking Jesus to do something specific. They are not expressing vague hope or a general desire – they are specific. Does this tell us anything about how we should approach God in prayer? What does the fact that Jesus was “moved with compassion” (verse 34) say to you? When Jesus heals the men, what do they do in response? They immediately follow Jesus on the road toward Jerusalem. Thomas Aquinas quotes the early Christian scholar Origen as writing: “We also now sitting by the wayside of the Scriptures, and understanding wherein we are blind, if we ask with desire, He will touch the eyes of our souls, and the gloom of ignorance shall depart from our minds, that in the light of knowledge we may follow Him, who gave us power to see to no other end than that we should follow Him” (Aquinas. “Commentary on Matthew 20” ). In what way might God be calling you to embrace a new ability to see, and follow him? What message do you take from this story for yourself? What does the example of these blind men say to us about how to respond to Jesus? Take a step back and consider this: “Lord, let our eyes be opened” (Matt. 20:34). These blind men wanted their eyes to be opened to see what is going on in the real world. We rightly lay a spiritual gloss on this story as we pray: “Lord, let our eyes be opened to your grace. . . . to your love. . . . to your wisdom.” We would do well to pray that prayer more literally: “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the beauty in your creation that we miss every day.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the beauty in our family members.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the ways our co-workers do wonderful things.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the not-so-random acts of kindness that our neighbors perform.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the beauty in the members of our community who quietly work to address the needs of the people we fail to see.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the suffering of those around us.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the hungry children desperate for food.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the immigrants who want nothing more than a chance to start at the bottom of a new society so they can stop living in constant fear.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the people who are denied health coverage and cannot afford to see a doctor.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the victims of war who fear every airplane that flies overhead, because it might carry the bomb that kills them.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the people who are threatened, doxed, flamed, fired, arrested, silenced, intimidated, or abused for trying to stand up for justice and the truth.” “Lord, let our eyes be opened to see the people you see, whom others do not want us to see.” The blind men asked that their eyes be opened to see, and then they followed Jesus on the road toward his Cross. May that be our prayer too, and may their response be ours as well. What might you already sense that God wants you to “see” – things that you may be missing because you are too busy, or too insulated, or too distracted? What might God want you to “see” that you are not currently focusing on because it makes you too uncomfortable? Once you see, what might God want you to do – the thing that would be your act of following him on the road? Bibliography See Matthew - Bibliography at https://www.faithexplored.com/matthew/bibliography . Copyright © 2025, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Matthew Index Next

Bibliography of major sources and additional sources used in this study of the Gospel of Matthew. Previous Matthew Index Next Matthew - Bibliography Bibliography of major sources and additional sources used in this study of the Gospel of Matthew. Some of the resources on the author's bookshelf. Tom Faletti February 13, 2024 Major Sources Augsberger, Myron. Matthew . The Communicator’s Commentary (Mastering the New Testament) , Lloyd J. Ogilvie, general editor. Word Books, 1982. Barclay, William. The Gospel of Matthew, Volume 1. 2nd edition. The Daily Study Bible. The Saint Andrew Press, 1958. Note: All of the volumes in Barclay’s Daily Study Bible series can be viewed online at “William Barclay's Daily Study Bible,” Bible Portal , https://bibleportal.com/commentary/william-barclay . Barclay, William. The Gospel of Matthew, Volume 2. 2nd edition. The Daily Study Bible. The Saint Andrew Press, 1958. Note: All of the volumes in Barclay’s Daily Study Bible series can be viewed online at “William Barclay's Daily Study Bible,” Bible Portal , https://bibleportal.com/commentary/william-barclay . Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to the New Testament . Yale University Press, 1997. Ellison, H. L. “Matthew.” The International Bible Commentary: With the New International Version . F.F. Bruce, General Editor. Marshall Pickering/Zondervan, 1986. Harrington, Fr. Daniel J. The Gospel According to Matthew . Collegeville Bible Commentary, The Liturgical Press, 1983. Ignatius Catholic Study Bible: The New Testament, Revised Standard Edition, Second Catholic Edition . Ignatius Press, 2010. Interlinear Bible. Bible Hub , https://biblehub.com/interlinear/ . The International Bible Commentary: With the New International Version . F.F. Bruce, General Editor. Marshall Pickering/Zondervan, 1986. Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott . A Greek-English Lexicon . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940. Internet Archive , Volume I: https://archive.org/details/b31364949_0001/mode/2up , Volume II: https://archive.org/details/b31364949_0002/mode/2up . Also at Furman Classics Editions, http://folio2.furman.edu/lsj/ . New American Bible, revised edition (NABRE) . Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, 2010. Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New American Bible, revised edition © 2010, 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, D.C. and are used by permission of the copyright owner. All Rights Reserved. No part of the New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the copyright owner. The New Jerome Biblical Commentary . Edited by Raymond E. Brown, et al. Prentice Hall, 1990. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version: With the Apocrypha: An Ecumenical Study Bible . Eds. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Z. Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, and Pheme Perkins. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2010. New Revised Standard Version Bible , copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance . Bible Hub , https://biblehub.com/greek/21.htm . Vine, William E. Vine’s Expository Dictionary , 1940, StudyLight.org , https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/ved.html . Viviano, Benedict T., O.P. “The Gospel According to Matthew.” The New Jerome Biblical Commentary . Edited by Raymond E. Brown, et al. Prentice Hall, 1990. Additional Sources Aquinas, Thomas. Catena aurea: commentary on the four Gospels, collected out of the works of the Fathers . Oxford: Parker, 1874, https://archive.org/details/p1catenaaureacom01thomuoft/page/244/mode/2up . Aquinas, Thomas. “Commentary on Matthew 20.” StudyLight.org , “Golden Chain Commentary on the Gospel,” https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/eng/gcc/matthew-20.html . Augustine. “Sermon 272.” Philip Schaff, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers series, Early Church Texts , https://earlychurchtexts.com/public/augustine_sermon_272_eucharist.htm . Barna Group. “1 in 4 Practicing Christians Struggles to Forgive Someone.” Barna Group , 11 Apr. 2019, https://www.barna.com/research/forgiveness-christians/ . Belfast , directed by Kenneth Branagh, TKBC and Northern Ireland Screen, 2021. The British Museum. “Slavery in ancient Rome.” Exhibition: “Nero the man behind the myth,” 2021. The British Museum , https://www.britishmuseum.org/exhibitions/nero-man-behind-myth/slavery-ancient-rome . Calechman, Steve. “Sleep to solve a problem.” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School , May 24, 2021, https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/sleep-to-solve-a-problem-202105242463 . Cooper, Kyle. “Have you given up on your New Year’s resolution? Here’s how to get back on track.” WTOP , 12 Jan. 2024, https://wtop.com/health-fitness/2024/01/today-is-the-day-many-of-us-give-up-on-our-new-years-resolutions-but-you-may-be-able-to-get-back-on-track-with-these-tips/ . Eusebius. Ecclesiastical History , Book III. New Advent , https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250103.htm . “Faith and the Faithful in the 2024 Election.” Online forum. Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life , Georgetown University, 13 Feb. 2024, https://catholicsocialthought.georgetown.edu/events/faith-and-the-faithful-in-the-2024-election . Feldman, Robert S. Understanding Psychology , 14th edition. McGraw Hill Education, 2019. Fischer, John. “Inside.” YouTube , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avrVLA4uDos . Lyrics at Genius , https://genius.com/John-fischer-inside-lyrics . Fischer, John. “John Wayne and the Sermon on the Mount.” The Catch Ministry , 29 Nov. 2023, https://catchjohnfischer.live/2023/11/29/john-wayne-and-the-sermon-on-the-mount/ . “Food & Nutrition.” World Concern , https://worldconcern.org/food-nutrition . Accessed 25 Aug. 2024. Francis of Assisi. “Letter to the Faithful II” [also known as “Later Admonition and Exhortation To the Brothers and Sisters of Penance (Second Version of the Letter to the Faithful)”]. c. 1220. The Writings of St. Francis of Assisi, Parts I & II . Translated from the Latin Critical Edition by Fr. K. Esser, O.F.M. [Die opuskula des hl. Franziskus von Assisi. Neue textkritische Edition. Editiones Collegii S. Bonaventurae ad Claras aquas, Grottaferrata (Romae) 1976], http://www.liturgies.net/saints/francis/writings.htm . Frost, Robert. “The Road Not Taken.” 1915. Poetry Foundation , https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44272/the-road-not-taken . Grohol, John M. “Why ‘Sleeping on It’ Helps.” LiveScience , 26 Oct. 2009, https://www.livescience.com/5820-sleeping-helps.html . Innocence Project. “Explore the Numbers: Innocence Project's Impact,” Innocence Project , 2024, https://innocenceproject.org/exonerations-data/ . King, Martin Luther, Jr. Strength to Love . Beacon Press, 1963. Lewis, C. S. Mere Christianity . Macmillan Publishing Co., 1952. Macmillan Paperbacks edition, 1960. Litke, Austin Dominic, O.P. “Reading Flannery O’Connor in our times.” Aleteia , 3 July 2020, https://aleteia.org/2020/07/03/reading-flannery-oconnor-in-our-times/ . His citation for the Flannery O’Connor quote is: “The fiction writer and his country.” Mystery and Manners: Occasional Prose , Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1970, p. 34. Longenecker, Fr. Dwight. “Fighting the Un-Holy Trinity: The World, the Flesh and the Devil.” Catholic Online , 14 Feb. 2010, https://www.catholic.org/news/national/story.php?id=35421 . The Magnificat Advent Companion , Advent 2023. Meyers, Eric. “Galilee.” From Jesus to Christ . Frontline , Apr. 1998, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/portrait/galilee.html . Miller, Jared. “Does ‘Sleeping on it’ Really Work?” WebMD , https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/does-sleeping-on-it-really-work . Mother Teresa: In My Own Words . Compiled by José Luis González-Balado. Liguori, 1996. Mother Teresa: Where There is Love, There is God . Compiled by and edited by Brian Kolodiejchuk. Doubleday, 2010. “Music for the Second Week of Advent.” St. Peter’s Church on Capitol Hill , https://saintpetersdc.org/pray/advent23/35171-music-for-the-second-week-of-advent , Dec. 2023. O’Toole, Garson. “When One Door Closes Another Opens, But Often We Look So Long Upon the Closed Door That We Do Not See the Open Door.” Quote Investigator , 3 Dec. 2018, https://quoteinvestigator.com/2018/12/03/open-door/ . “Palestine in the time of Jesus, 4 B.C. - 30 A.D.: (including the period of Herod, 40 - 4 B.C.).” Library of Congress , https://www.loc.gov/item/2009579463/ . Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church . Libreria Editrice Vaticana (The Vatican). United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2005. Poythress, Vern. “The Baptism of Jesus.” The Gospel Coalition , https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/essay/the-baptism-of-jesus/ . “Quitters Day.” There is a Day for That , https://www.thereisadayforthat.com/holidays/various/quitters-day . Randall, Rebecca. “Which Is Worse: the Guilty Freed or the Innocent Punished?” Christianity Today , 5 Mar. 2021, https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2021/march-web-only/wrongful-convictions-prison-bible-view-split-by-race.html . Shelby, Daniele. “DNA and Wrongful Conviction: Five Facts You Should Know.” Innocence Project , 25 Apr. 2023, https://innocenceproject.org/dna-and-wrongful-conviction-five-facts-you-should-know/ . Silverstein, Shel. “God’s Wheel.” A Light in the Attic . HarperCollins, 1981, p. 152. Warren, Rick. The Purpose-Driven Life . Zondervan, 2002. Welch, John W. and John F Hall. “Chart 6-4: Estimated Distribution of Citizenship in the Roman Empire.” Charting the New Testament , BYU Studies, 2002, https://byustudies.byu.edu/further-study-chart/6-4-estimated-distribution-of-citizenship-in-the-roman-empire/ . Wesley, John. “The Use of Money,” Sermon 50, https://web.archive.org/web/20150402061915/http://www.umcmission.org/Find-Resources/John-Wesley-Sermons/Sermon-50-The-Use-of-Money . “Which Was the Son of... (Arvo Pärt) - Sofia Vokalensemble.” Sofia Vokalensemble , 23 Oct. 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WyPmFBpiF7E . “The World, the Flesh, and the Devil.” Ligonier Ministries (founded by Dr. R. C. Sproul), 23 May 2011, https://www.ligonier.org/learn/devotionals/world-flesh-and-devil . “The world, the flesh, and the devil.” Wikipedia , 31 March 2024, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_world,_the_flesh,_and_the_devil [presents the views of scholars who wrote centuries ago]. Copyright © 2025, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Matthew Index Next

What do the final hours in the life of Jesus say to us about racism in America today? Previous Justice Next Stations of the Cross on Overcoming Racism What do the final hours in the life of Jesus say to us about racism in America today? The first station in the Stations of the Cross in the Church of Saint Stephen in Salmbach, Bas-Rhin, France, cropped. Gerd Eichmann, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salmbach-St_Stephan-Kreuzweg-01-Jesus_wird_zum_Tode_verurteilt-gje.jpg . Tom Faletti March 1, 2024 Do the final hours in the life of Jesus say anything to us about racism in America today? The connections are numerous and compelling. I invite you to pray the “ Stations of the Cross: Overcoming Racism ,” which I wrote to explore those connections: Stations of the Cross: Overcoming Racism (PDF) The link to the PDF can be found in the Prayer Resources section of this page: Combatting Racism - Parish Resources Background The Stations of the Cross, also known as the Way of the Cross, are an ancient prayer form that Christians developed to remember the events surrounding the Passion and death of Jesus Christ. This particular version of the Stations challenges us to explore the ongoing problem of racism through the lens of the suffering of Jesus. While the Stations are often prayed in churches during the season of Lent, these Stations can be prayed anywhere, anytime. You don’t need to be in a church to reflect on the links between Jesus’s suffering and the struggles of those who endure racism in our nation today. You can download a PDF document containing the Stations here: Stations of the Cross: Overcoming Racism . You can also find a link to it and other resources under the “Prayer Resources” heading here: Combatting Racism - Parish Resources . The US bishops wrote a lengthy letter addressing the issue of racism. A PDF of that pastoral letter can be found here: Open Wide Our Hearts: The Enduring Call to Love Pastoral Letter Against Racism . Links to that letter and other statements can be found here: Combatting Racism - Statements and Letters . The unjust and racist treatment of our Black brothers and sisters as well as people of many other races and ethnicities continues to tarnish our nation. Their pain must become our pain, their cause must become our cause, until the discrimination ends and all people are truly treated equally. USCCB Links PDF of the Stations: Stations of the Cross: Overcoming Racism : https://www.usccb.org/resources/stations-of-the-cross-overcoming-racism.pdf A variety of resources on racism, including a link to the Stations: Combatting Racism - Parish Resources : https://www.usccb.org/committees/ad-hoc-committee-against-racism/combatting-racism-parish-resources (see the Prayer Resources section) U.S. Catholic Bishops' Pastoral Letter: Open Wide Our Hearts: The Enduring Call to Love – Pastoral Letter Against Racism : https://usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/racism/upload/open-wide-our-hearts.pdf Other resources: Combatting Racism - Statements and Letters : https://www.usccb.org/committees/ad-hoc-committee-against-racism/combatting-racism-statements-and-letters Copyright © 2024, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Justice Next

Jesus is buried: Some people take action; others wait and watch. [Matthew 27:57-61; 27:62-66] Previous Matthew Index Next Matthew 27:57-66 Jesus is buried: Some people take action; others wait and watch. Gustave Doré (1832-1883). The Burial of Christ . Woodcut. Detail. The illustration was originally published as one of 241 wood engravings created by Doré in La Grande Bible de Tours , issued in 1866. It is in the public domain due to copyright expiration. This image was reproduced from The Doré Bible Illustrations , Dover, 1974, and made available online by Felix Just, S.J. (see http://catholic-resources.org/Art/Dore.htm ) at https://catholic-resources.org/Dore/John19f.jpg , and its use is authorized by him. Tom Faletti May 17, 2024 Matthew 27:57-61 Jesus is laid in a tomb, under watchful eyes In verse 57, what does Matthew tell us about Joseph of Arimathea? He is rich, from Arimathea, and a disciple of Jesus. Mark adds that he is a respected member of the Sanhedrin, the Jewish council that had condemned Jesus (Mark 15:43), and Luke adds that Joseph had not agreed to the council’s actions. Scholars aren’t sure where Arimathea was. The early Christian historian Eusebius, writing nearly 300 years after the time of Jesus, identified it as the Old Testament town of Ramathaim or Ramah where Samuel the prophet was born (1 Sam. 1:1; 2:11), approximately 5 miles north of Jerusalem. What does Joseph do? Jewish Law required that criminals be buried on the same day they were executed (Deut. 21:22-23), and it would have been particularly unseemly to leave Jesus’s body to scavenging dogs on the Sabbath. Joseph steps in, in place of the family members who ordinarily would have acted. What does Matthew want us to understand about (1) the way Jesus’s body was handled, and (2) the status of the tomb he was buried in? Joseph’s action would have called attention to himself with Pilate and also might have deepened the wedge between him and other members of the Sanhedrin. How is Joseph an example of courage? How might we imitate Joseph in situations we might face in our own lives? Where might this kind of courage be needed? Who is watching as Joseph buries Jesus? The “other Mary” was the mother of James and Joseph – see verse 56. John 19:25 suggests she is the sister of Jesus’s mother Mary and the wife of Clopas. Some scholars sort out the family somewhat differently and think that Clopas ws the brother of Jesus’s (adopted) father Joseph, which would make this “other Mary” the sister-in-law of Jesus’s mother. Either way, the women of the family are steadfast to the end. Why do you think these women continue to follow the action, to the bitter end? Their commitment to God no matter what bad things happen, reminds me of Job’s comment, “Though He slay me, yet will I trust in him” (Job 13:15, KJV). It is as though they are saying: “Though He may die, still we will be there for Him.” How is their example a witness to us? Matthew 27:62-66 Setting a guard to avoid a hoax Who goes to Pilate? What is their concern? The Pharisees were last referenced in Matthew 23:29. All of the drama since then has involved the chief priests and elders – the political and religious leadership – not the rank-and-file Pharisees who are so concerned about fervently living out every detail of their understanding of the Law. Why do you think the Pharisees are involved again now? Why do they care whether people make up stories about a dead Jesus? The day of Preparation was the day before the Sabbath. Matthew says they went to Pilate on the day after the day of Preparation. If we understand the timing he is suggesting, it means they went to Pilate on the Sabbath, which would be a significant violation of the Sabbath required by the Law and show how concerned they were about Jesus even after his death. What do they specifically ask Pilate for? Notice that Pilate does not offer a simple “Yes.” His answer in verse 65 is literally, “You have a guard.” (Some translations say, “Take a guard,” but that is an interpretation, not the literal words in the Greek.) Pilate’s unclear answer has led to two different interpretations: Interpretation #1 : Pilate agreed to their request and made Roman soldiers available. There is a problem with this interpretation: If the guard was a Roman guard, it is hard to believe the soldiers would have gone to the Jewish leaders after the resurrection (see Matthew 28:11) and joined in a hoax that, if found out, would have caused them to be executed for dereliction of duty. Interpretation #2 : Pilate indirectly rejected their request by reminding them that they have their own soldiers – the Temple guard, who helped arrest Jesus – and is telling them to set up their own guard if they are concerned. There is a problem with this interpretation: If it was Jewish guards, why would they have been concerned about Pilate hearing about their failure at the tomb (Matthew 28:14)? A possible answer is that when a person has failed a task, they don’t want anyone in power knowing about it, even if they aren’t directly under that person’s authority; and in this case it might be even more troubling since Pilate, in effect, commissioned them to do the task. On balance, Interpretation #2 seems more likely, but it doesn’t really matter in the grand scheme of our faith who the guards were. In verse 66, what do the Jewish leaders and the guard do? What do you think they expect will happen next? Barclay remarks on the irony of Pilate’s last statement, regarding the plan to guard the tomb: “make it as secure as you can” (Matthew 27:65, NRSV). Barclay says, “It is as if Pilate all unconsciously said, ‘Keep Christ in the tomb – if you can.’” He adds: “They had not realized one thing – that there was not a tomb in the world which could imprison the Risen Christ” (Barclay, The Gospel of Matthew, Volume 2 , pp. 414). Every opponent of God would like to, in effect, keep Christ in his tomb. Why is that so important? If Jesus is risen, then he is still alive and active in the world today and must be confronted or accounted for; and many people would rather not have to explain what they are doing or not doing with regard to a man who said he was the Son of God and has come back to life – which no mere human could do. Are there ways that leaders in our societies do things that look like they are trying to keep Christ in his place rather than giving him free reign to work in our churches and communities? Explain. Are there ways that people in our churches do things that feel like they are trying to keep Christ in his place rather than giving him free reign to do his resurrection work in our churches and communities? Explain. What are some ways that we might unconsciously try to keep Christ in the “tomb” in our own lives rather than allowing the Risen Christ to have free reign? We have been exploring what happened to Jesus on Good Friday. The next passage describes what happens on Easter Sunday morning, the morning of Jesus’s glorious Resurrection. But there is a day in between – Holy Saturday. Take a minute to contemplate Holy Saturday – that day of waiting between Good Friday and Easter Sunday. Is there value in those days of waiting, between when we first experience pain and loss and when God helps us move to a new resurrection that rises above the pain and loss? What is the value of those days of waiting, between the dark and the dawn? How do times of waiting for God help build our character so that we become more like Jesus? How can we wait for God effectively? A footnote for the scholarly minded (feel free to skip): This story of the guard is only in Matthew’s Gospel, not in the other Synoptic Gospels, even though other parts of Matthew’s and Luke’s Gospels draw significantly from Mark. This bothers some scholars, leading some to suggest that it is merely apologetics (material developed to defend the faith against attacks) or is based in legend. One response is that perhaps Mark and Luke did not consider this story important to their audiences. Matthew’s community was a mix of Jewish and Gentile Christians, and, after Jerusalem was destroyed, the Jewish Christians were frequently challenged by Jewish leaders and even faced expulsion from synagogues. Those Jewish Christians would have valued this story as they tried to defend their faith against people who claimed that Jesus’s resurrection was just a stolen-body hoax. It would have been much less important to Luke’s and Mark’s largely Gentile audiences, who may not have been dealing so directly with that argument. We do not need to have this story to know that Jesus rose from the dead. We have abundant evidence in the 4 Gospels, in subsequent books of the New Testament, and in the lives of believers for 2,000 years. But even today, people who do not want to believe in Jesus like to suggest that perhaps his followers stole his body; so perhaps the story still has special relevance for us today. Take a step back and consider this: The Jewish leaders of Jesus’s time were living in a world of “what-ifs”: What if the people are being fooled by Jesus and it was the devil who sent a wonder-worker named Jesus to turn people away from their historic Jewish faith? What if Jesus’s radically different preaching causes the people to get so riled up that the Romans come down hard on us? What if the disciples of Jesus went and stole the body? What if? What if? What if? “What if” is not always a bad question. Sometimes it keeps us out of trouble or helps us anticipate a problem that we can solve or deflect if we think ahead. But sometimes, “What if” becomes an excuse to avoid confronting the uncomfortable. How do you know when your “what-ifs” are reasonable and when your “what-ifs” are masking your own unjustified resistance to the truth? Is there something that maybe God has been nudging you to do, but you are so caught up in “What ifs” that you can’t get yourself to do it? If so, what might Jesus say to you to encourage you to respond to God’s nudges? Talk to him about it. Bibliography See Matthew - Bibliography at https://www.faithexplored.com/matthew/bibliography . Copyright © 2025, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Matthew Index Next

How do you prepare a small-group Bible Study meeting? Previous For Leaders Next Preparing to Lead a Small-Group Bible Study Meeting How do you prepare a small-group Bible Study meeting? Image provided by Wix. Tom Faletti March 25, 2024 At the Previous Meeting Tell the group what verse you are starting at or what verses or chapters you will be covering, especially if there is an expectation, or a desire among some, to study during the week. During the Week Before the Meeting Don’t wait until the last day to prepare. In your preparation, it is better to be prepared to cover too much material than not enough. Pray. Ask God to guide you, help you understand the text, and help you formulate questions and comments that will lead others to understand God’s Word and how it speaks to their lives. Read the text at least twice. Then read a commentary and/or study notes to learn some of the nuances of the text and the kinds of issues that might come up. Break the text into appropriately sized passages: a paragraph, a story, a set of verses that focus on a particular topic. For each passage, formulate a series of questions, including all three of the following types of questions: What does it say? These are questions of fact . They help the group to acknowledge and agree on the basic facts of what the passage says. Examples: What happened? What is Jesus (or God or some other person) saying here? What issue does Paul (or some other author) raise here? What does the author say we should do? What guidelines for living does he offer? What does it mean? These are questions of interpretation . They help the group to wrestle with what the passage means, and with different interpretations of what it means. Examples: Why did the man do what he did? Why did Jesus react in that way? What does that word (or phrase) mean? Why did the author (or person) use that particular word (or phrase)? What does the author mean when he uses that term, or says “. . . .”? Who is this referring to, or who does this apply to? What does this passage tell us about God? Why do you think the author chose to focus on that problem? How does this passage make you feel? What are some attitudes or actions that term would apply to today? What does that key word (or phrase) mean to you? What are some ways that people demonstrate this characteristic? Give some examples of actions that fit the description in the passage. Describe a time in your life when you encountered this problem. How can we apply it to our lives? These are application questions. They help the group to share their faith and practical insights with each other, and apply the passage to their own lives. Examples: What do you find most challenging in this passage, and why? How can we learn from the example of the person in this passage? What does this person’s example tell us about what me might do in our own lives? How can we apply this passage to our lives today? What does this passage say to us about our relationship with God, or about God’s attitude toward us? What are the modern problems we face today that this passage is talking about? How does the passage say we should respond? What does this passage say to you about yourself? What do you find most encouraging in this passage, and why? What are some things we can do to live out these commands? Which of these commands do you find hardest to obey, and why? When do you find it especially difficult to do what this passage is saying? Why is that the hard time, and what can you do about it? What are some ways we try to avoid the implications of this passage? What do we need to change in our lives to become examples of what Jesus (or God or the author) is talking about? What are you facing right now where you need to hear and apply the ideas in this passage? When have you experienced what the passage describes? When are you tempted to do what the passage describes? What does this person’s example tell us about how we can deal with similar problems at work (or at home, or in our church, or in our relationships)? In what ways do we fail to do what this passage is describing? How well does our parish reflect these values? What can we do to improve our parish’s way of living this part of the Gospel? What do you need to do to live out the truths of this passage? What holds you back from living out these principles? What would the author (or God) say to you in response? What do you find hardest to accept or live out in this teaching? Why? In the next week, what is one thing you can do to live out the challenge of this passage? Determine whether there are some key issues and applications you think the group should see. Make sure your questions will lead the group to wrestle with those issues, but don’t put your answer in the questions. Allow room for the members to reach a different conclusion. (For example: If you think the key is faith, don’t ask, “Don’t you think faith is the key point here?” Instead, ask, “What do you think this passage says to us about our relationship with God?”. If the group answers in a different way than you expect, you can share your view, but don’t push them to see it only your way.) During the Meeting Extend a welcome to each person as they arrive. Greet each person warmly. Don’t delay your start. Reinforce those who are on time by starting 5 minutes after the official starting time, regardless of who you are still expecting. Begin with prayer, reminding the group that Jesus is here with us, and spend a short time in silence to become aware of His presence. Then ask the group to pray short prayers of thanks or praise : “Thank you, God, for. . . .” Or “I praise you, Lord, for. . . .” Close this prayer time by asking for God guidance and the group’s openness to Him. Unless you are covering several chapters each week, ask someone to read aloud the first passage. (If you are covering large sections, instead ask the group to read the chapters in advance and begin by summarizing what happened in the passage, perhaps reading a key part.) Ask the questions you prepared. Always start with the basic “what does it say” or fact questions. Quite often, people don’t really understand or agree about what the passage actually says, and if they don’t understand what it says they certainly won’t understand what it means or how to apply it. Your study during the week may have given you some background knowledge you can share here to help the group understand what the passage says. However, try to elicit as much as possible from the group rather than telling it all yourself. Ask your interpretation or “what does it mean” questions, but don’t let the group get stuck there. Leave plenty of time for application questions. Ask some application questions that help the group find apply the passage to their daily lives. Don’t skip this step. Your job isn’t done until the passage has been applied. Frame your questions in ways that encourage personal sharing and a faith response to the passage. Know in advance which questions you think are most important. After the group has talked about what the passage says and means, ask your most important application questions first. If the group spends a long time on your first application question, you don’t have to use every question you prepared. Try to involve everyone. Make sure that people who want to say something but are more shy about breaking into the conversation are given a chance to speak. (For example, say, “I think Chris is trying to say something here.”) If one or two people have taken the discussion into a side area that is not involving the whole group, bring the group back to the topic. “Off the track” is often in the eyes of the beholder, so if the area is somewhat related to the passage, and most of the group is interested and participating, you may want to let the discussion go for a little while. The goal is faith sharing and spiritual growth, and the Holy Spirit can sometimes accomplish that in a different way than you anticipated. But don’t let the discussion get way off the passage and don’t let a few people go on and on without involving the rest of the group. Bring the discussion back to the passage. (For example, say, “Let’s look at the passage again to see what it says about this.” Or ask another application question that brings the group back to the passage.) When you feel it is time to move on, briefly summarize what the group has discovered in that passage and suggest that the group move on to the next passage. Repeat steps 4 to 11 for the next passage. Before the end, try to summarize the key findings and applications from the week’s discussion. End with prayer, inviting short prayers asking God to help us or others : “Lord, help me or us to. . . .” or “Lord, help my brother or sister to . . . .” Encourage the group to echo each other’s prayers, so that it is truly conversational prayer: “Yes, Lord, help, me or us or Chris to. . . . Give them your. . . .” Make sure newcomers and quieter people are included in the social chit-chat after the meeting. For more leadership training materials, see Leading a Small-Group Bible Study . Copyright © 2024, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous For Leaders Next

The Golden Rule is part of the fundamental choice Jesus is calling us to make. Previous Matthew Index Next Matthew 7:12-23 The Golden Rule is part of the fundamental choice Jesus is calling us to make. Image by Rosalind Chang, provided by Unsplash via Wix. Tom Faletti June 7, 2024 Matthew 7:12 The Golden Rule What word or phrase comes to mind as you consider this passage? In my Bible Study group, here are some of the ideas that were considered: empathy, consideration, reciprocal treatment, kindness, walking in the other’s shoes. How does this go beyond the “eye for an eye thinking” of earlier civilizations? Almost all religions and ethical systems have some form of the Golden Rule, but most are expressed in the negative: Don’t do to others what you don’t want them to do to you. No one before Jesus expressed this idea in the affirmative, requiring that we “do.” How does Jesus’s way of saying it push us further? There are a variety of possible answers to this question. One think worth noting is that the negative formulation only requires you to hold back and not do something bad. Jesus’s rule requires us to affirmatively take action to be helpful in ways that we would want others to be helpful to us. To live the Golden Rule seriously, we have to take the time regularly to think about what we might wish others were doing – and then do that thing. Is that an easy or difficult challenge for you? Explain. How would the Christian witness to the world be different if we truly lived the affirmative version of the Golden Rule that Jesus taught? Matthew 7:13-23 The fundamental choice Verses 13-14: The wide way and the narrow way. In the poem “The Road Not Taken” , Robert Frost wrote: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. Jesus is similarly proposing a fundamental breakpoint where a choice must be made. Where does the narrow gate lead (verse 14)? What do you think he means by “life”? How have you experienced this “life” that is found on the narrow way? What choices did you have to make to set you on the path with the narrow gate? On the narrow way (verse 14), why do you think Jesus says the road is “hard” (NRSV) or “constricted” (NABRE)? How is the narrow way hard? Where does the road with the wide gate lead (verse 13)? What do you think he means by destruction”? Are there times when you have experienced the effects of spending time on the easy road with the wide gate? Explain. If you have spent time on the wide way, what choices did you have to make to get of that road and move to the narrow way? How would you characterize the difference between how a person lives their life on the narrow way versus the wide way? Are there differences in outlook, focus, character traits that are exhibited, priorities, etc.? Verses 15-20: False prophets Prophets are people who speak the word of the Lord to the people. While we think of prophecy mostly in terms of predictions about the future, most prophetic activity in the Old Testament and probably in the early church involved the delivering of commands from God about how the people should live, often in response to what was going on at the time. We know from other passages in the Bible that itinerant prophets would come through town and expect to be fed them and supported while they were there. The question was, were they moochers, or evilly inspired, or from God? According to Jesus, how can you judge whether some is a good prophet (verses 16 and 17)? What does good fruit look like? What fruits would you look for in trying to judge whether someone is of God? Among many criteria, we might look for: How are they living their lives? Do their lives exhibit righteousness and repentance, or are they caught up in sinful behaviors? Do their lives conform to the Golden Rule that Jesus has just laid down a few verses earlier? How well do they manifest the fruit of the Spirit (Gal. 5:22-23)? Do they live lives of discipline or excess? Do they care for the poor or focus on the wealthy? How do they handle adversity? Do their teachings promote unity or sow division? Do their teachings cohere with what God has already revealed or promote new, hidden knowledge known only to them? Why does Jesus say in verse 19 that bad trees are cut down and thrown into the fire? Who are the “prophets” of our time whom we need to judge by their fruits? Are there “prophets” you are tempted to listen to? How can you make sure you are judging them wisely and not being drawn in by clever words and enticing ideas? Verses 21-23: Saying “Lord, Lord” doesn’t mean you’re in the kingdom of heaven Jesus says that saying, “Lord, Lord,” is not enough. What needs to be done to enter the kingdom of heaven? Only those who do the will of the Father enter the kingdom of heaven. In this context, what do you think Jesus means by “doing the will of the Father”? What must we do? What deeds are not sufficient evidence that someone will be welcomed into the kingdom of heaven (verse 22)? Why are those powerful signs of God’s presence not sufficient? What do you think those people should have been doing instead? Note: Jesus will spell some of this out more explicitly later in Matthew’s Gospel, including where he says that the ultimate test will be how we treated the least of us who were in need around us (Matthew 25:31-46). It is popular to say that we need to “walk the walk and not just talk the talk.” How does that idea reflect what Jesus is saying? What is the “walk” that is needed, that goes beyond the “talk”? Notice that the people Jesus is describing here weren’t just “talking.” They were doing impressive, attention-grabbing things. They may have even been doing good things. But Jesus said that is not enough. What are they missing? What does this passage say to you about your own life? What do you need to be doing, in order to be what you are called to be? Take a step back and consider this: It is interesting that the Golden Rule sits between a set of passages that, on one side, tell us to stop judging others and to pray continually to God with confidence that our Father in heaven will give us what we need, and, on the other side, tell us that we need to make a fundamental choice to take the hard way that bears good fruit and look good. Perhaps the linkage is that the Golden Rule, if lived fully by a committed Christian, will lead us to the right dispositions: If we treat others the way we want them to treat us, we will cut others as much slack as we hope they will cut us and that God will cut us. If we treat others the way we want them to treat us, we will trust God for our needs and not look for ways to squeeze every last dollar out of the people around us. If we treat others the way we want them to treat us, we will live lives that the people around us will recognize as bearing good fruit. If we treat others the way we want them to treat us, the Lord will not say, “‘I never knew you. Depart from me, you evildoers” (Matt. 7:23, NABRE). If we take the Golden Rule in its full, affirmative form – do what you want others to do – how might it change not only our actions, but our entire way of thinking? Pick an area of your life where you are dealing with other people and the situation is currently bothering you or not going as you would like. How can you apply the Golden Rule creatively, in its affirmative direction to do what you wish others would do for you? How can you do something differently in that situation, in the spirit of the Golden Rule? Bibliography See Matthew - Bibliography at https://www.faithexplored.com/matthew/bibliography . Copyright © 2025, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Matthew Index Next

While the normal routines of life go on, Jesus knows that one of his disciples is in the process of betraying him. How do you keep going when bad things are happening? [Matthew 26:14-16; 26:17-19; 26:20-25] Previous Matthew Index Next Matthew 26:14-25 While the normal routines of life go on, Jesus knows that one of his disciples is in the process of betraying him. How do you keep going when bad things are happening? Unidentified artist. Judas mottar de trettio silverpenningarna [Judas receives the silver pieces] . Circa 1425-1450. Chalk painting, Brönnestad Church, Hässleholm, Sweden. Photo by Lennart Karlsson. CC BY 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kalkm%C3%A5lning,_Judas_mottar_de_trettio_silverpenningarna_-_Br%C3%B6nnestads_kyrka,_H%C3%A4ssleholm_-_9017124.jpg . Tom Faletti September 15, 2025 Matthew 26:14-16 Judas betrays Jesus Why do you think Judas offers to betray Jesus? There are three ways that scholars commonly attempt to explain Judas’s betrayal: Judas might have been greedy. The Gospel of John supports this idea in John 12:6, where John says that Judas kept the money for Jesus and his companions and used to steal from it. This explanation is supported by the fact that in Matthew 26:15 Judas asks the chief priests how much money they would give him if he betrayed Jesus to them. Judas might have been disillusioned because Jesus was not showing any evidence that he was going to rise up against the Romans and establish an independent Jewish nation. Judas might have believed deeply in the cause he thought Jesus stood for and felt that Jesus was moving too slowly. He might have thought he was forcing Jesus’s hand in order to speed up the inauguration of the kingdom. What is the significance of 30 pieces of silver? Exodus 21:32 indicates that 30 shekels of silver was the value of a slave in ancient Israel – the amount of compensation that had to be paid if a man’s ox gored another man’s slave. The weights of various coins were not very standardized, but the shekel and the “silver pieces” in Judas’s time were close enough that it is reasonable to hear hints of Exodus 21:32 in Matthew 26:15. A story in Zechariah 11:7-13 about a rejected shepherd suggests that 30 shekels is 30 days’ wages, and the silver pieces Judas accepted may have had the value of 30 days’ wages. However, depending on the coin that was used, it may have been worth four times that much, or 120 days’ wages: a third of a year’s wages, which is comparable to $8,000 to $16,000 today ( The New Oxford Annotated Bible , Matthew 26:14 footnote, p. 1785). Judas is betraying Jesus for less than half of the cost of the ointment the woman used to anoint Jesus in the previous passage (Matt. 26:6-13). Why do you think Judas decided to betray Jesus? Do you think he really wanted to see Jesus killed? Explain. If we put the best face on Judas’s actions, he thought he knew better than Jesus how to bring God’s kingdom into its glory. How do people in our day try to force a greater manifestation of God’s kingdom? How does Judas contrast with the woman who anointed Jesus? How is Judas different than the other disciples? How might you sometimes be at risk of trying to force God’s hand rather than waiting for God’s timing and method of working in our lives? Matthew 26:17-19 Preparation for the Passover meal In this passage, Jesus prepares to celebrate his final Passover meal with his disciples. He has probably eaten the sacrificial Passover lamb in Jerusalem every year since he was a child (Luke 2:41 tells us that his parents went to Jerusalem every year for the Passover). What do you know about the Jewish celebration of the Passover? What were they commemorating and how did they commemorate it? Passover is the annual Jewish feast celebrating the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. It is also known as the feast of Unleavened Bread, because the Israelites were told to prepare unleavened bread to take on their exodus out of Egypt, because they would not have time for bread to rise as they left. Passover as the night when the Jews put the blood of a lamb on the lintels of their doors so that the angel of death would “pass over” their households when the death of the firstborns convinced Pharaoh to stop standing against God and allow the Israelites to leave Egypt. Passover is celebrated on the 15 th of Nissan (the Jewish month that, based on the lunar cycle, falls during our March/April). The “first day” referred to here is the day of preparation, the 14 th of Nissan. At sundown, the 15 th of Nissan would begin. The Passover meal was eaten on the first night of a week-long celebration of the salvation from slavery that God provided by bringing the Israelites out of Egypt. What preparations do Jesus and his disciples make for the Passover meal? It appears that Jesus had spoken with someone in advance about using his house to have the Passover meal. This is one of those little clues that remind us that the Bible gives us only a selected sample of everything Jesus did and said (see John 21:25, which suggests that if all the stories were told, the world could not hold all the books that would be written). Do you suppose there are things in your life that Jesus is also preparing in advance for? If the disciples had not done what Jesus directed them to do, the Passover meal might not have been as orderly: there might have been last-minute scrambling, etc. What does this tell you about the importance of listening for God’s guidance and following his direction? Matthew 26:20-25 Jesus acknowledges that he will be betrayed by an insider What does Jesus say he knows? Why do you think he is saying this, rather than keeping it to himself? How do the disciples feel about the possibility that someone might betray Jesus? Why would they ask, “Surely, not I?” Wouldn’t they know they are not going to betray him? Could they be clueless about just how big the betrayal is that Jesus is talking about, and think that Jesus is referring to some more minor way they might “betray” him due to foolishness or pettiness? Are there ways that we might “betray” Jesus in small ways, not by a dramatic denunciation but by our own mundane sinfulness? How might that be? What title for Jesus do the apostles use in v. 22? What title for Jesus does Judas use in v. 25? “Rabbi” is an Aramaic word meaning “teacher” or “master” that was used as a title of honor for teachers. The Jews of Jesus’s time spoke Aramaic, a language related to Hebrew. Matthew is writing his Gospel in Greek, so he almost always translates into Greek what the people would have said in Aramaic. Everywhere else, he uses the Greek word for teacher where Jews would have said “rabbi.” But not here. Here, Matthew preserves the fact that Judas called Jesus “rabbi.” What does it tell you about their relationship when a person calls someone else “Lord”? Does “Teacher” have the same connotation? Are our teachers seen as our lords? Does the fact that Judas uses the word for teacher, when the disciples usually refer to Jesus as Lord, give us a hint as to Judas’s attitude toward Jesus? Explain. In what ways do you see Jesus as “Lord”? In verse 25, when Judas says, “Surely, not I?”, Jesus replies, “You have said so” rather than a simple “Yes.” Why might Jesus have phrased it this way? Jesus’s choice of words is significant here. If Jesus had said, “Yes,” rather than “You have said so,” it would have suggested that Judas was locked into a path of betrayal and no longer had any choice. By saying to Judas, you have said so, Jesus leaves room for Judas to decide to say otherwise, to change his mind, to retreat from the path he has started down. This shows that Jesus, to the end, loves Judas and is holding out hope that Judas will do the right thing. Note: The fact that Jesus’s death fulfills Scripture does not mean that Judas was forced to betray Jesus. Judas is not a puppet. Jesus ultimately would have died on a Roman cross even if Judas had changed his mind and not helped the Jewish leaders. God did not need Judas to be evil in order to accomplish his work of salvation. In Matthew 26:24, Jesus says, “It would have been better for him if he had not been born.” Some people find this troubling because it seems harsh. However, it is not as harsh as verse 25:41: “Depart from me, you accursed ones, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.” Jesus does not actually say that Judas is going to hell. Judas’s final judgment remains to be seen. He could still repent. Does God ever give up on the possibility that you, or any other person, might repent and move away from a path of sin or evil? How can you keep an open mind about others’ potential to turn around? Take a step back and consider this: In these passages, we see the normal routines of life going on – the ordinary preparation for an annual celebration – while the wheels are turning that will lead to Jesus’s crucifixion. And Jesus knows what is going on! How do you think Jesus handled the stress and inner turmoil that comes with knowing that bad things are happening? We face this same problem sometimes. Bad things may be happening in our lives, not necessarily life-or-death situations like Jesus is facing, but serious, potentially life-altering circumstances. Perhaps we are waiting for medical test results that could indicate we have a serious illness or disease. Perhaps we are watching an adult child or other loved one struggle with drugs or other serious impairments. Perhaps a business we are deeply involved in is failing. Perhaps a government is trying to find us and deport us even though we have never done anything wrong other than cross a border to find safety from a life-threatening situation. How do you deal with stress when bad things are happening around you or you are waiting for potentially bad news? Where do you turn for help in those difficult times? Do you see Jesus as someone who has gone through that kind of stress and can help you get through it? What could you do to reach out to him and draw strength from him? Jesus appears to have enjoyed spending time with his disciples. Other than going away to spend time in prayer with his Father, we never see him trying to avoid the disciples. Human beings are social creatures. Jesus was God, but he was also human, and as a human, he may have found encouragement in spending time with those he loved. Who around you might be experiencing the stress of living in a bad situation or waiting for potentially bad news? How could you be a help to them? Bibliography See Matthew - Bibliography at https://www.faithexplored.com/matthew/bibliography . Copyright © 2025, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Matthew Index Next

Compassion compels Jesus and us to proclaim the good news. [Matthew 9:35-38; 10:1-4; 10:5-15] Previous Matthew Index Next Matthew 9:35-10:15 Compassion compels Jesus and us to proclaim the good news. Image by Daryl Han, provided by Unsplash via Wix. Cropped. Tom Faletti August 9, 2024 Matthew 9:35-38 compassion for sheep without a shepherd; laborers needed for the harvest In 9:35, Jesus’s work is described as having three components. What are the three aspects of Jesus’s work? Teaching, proclaiming the gospel, and healing people. Jesus is now moving from town to town throughout the northern region. How does he feel about the crowds? Jesus is moved with compassion or pity. The Greek word Matthew uses for “compassion” has a root word: a word for the internal organs – a person’s inner parts or bowels. The word implies a deep, emotional concern. In our day, we would use the word “heart.” It is the same word Jesus uses to describe how the father felt when he saw his long-gone prodigal son returning in the distance. He feels the kind of deep compassion you feel in your gut. How does Matthew describe the state of the people in verse 36? He says they are harassed and helpless (Matthew 9:36, NRSV) or “troubled and abandoned” (Matthew 9:36, NABRE), like a sheep without a shepherd. Why does this assessment of the people’s condition bring forth the image of a sheep without a shepherd? How does it feel to be in that condition? What do you think it was about the people that moved Jesus to compassion? Do you think of Jesus as having that kind of deep compassion for you? Explain. In what ways do we or the people in our church or the world at large need the compassion of Jesus today? How does it change things when we recognize God as having this kind of deep compassion for us? Are we called to have this kind of compassion, the kind of compassion Jesus had, for the people around us? If so, what would that look like? The Jewish leaders were supposed to be their shepherds. Why were the people like sheep without a shepherd? Do you ever feel like this? If so, what do you think Jesus would want you to know and what do you think he would want you to do? Recognizing that the people had great needs, Jesus makes a comment about the harvest and laborers. What is the “harvest” Jesus is referring to? Who are the “laborers” in that harvest, and what is their role – i.e., what should they be doing? Why are laborers scarce? What is the role of the harvest master? The obvious next question is, what does this call us to do? We will some on answer to that in the next passage. In chapters 8-9, Matthew has inserted some short discussions (see 8:18-22; 9:9-17; 9:35-38) in a long series of miracles. Each discussion helps us understand what true discipleship is – that is, what it means to follow Jesus. The next thing that happens in Matthew’s narrative is that Jesus sends out the apostles. But Matthew is not just trying to tell a good story. He is trying to prepare, encourage, motivate, and prod the Christian communities for whom he is writing. And that includes us. So: Is there still a “harvest” yet to be harvested today? Is there still a shortage of laborers? Why? What is our role as potential laborers? What is Jesus calling us to do? What is he calling you to do? Introduction to Chapter 10 Chapter 10, like the Sermon on the Mount, is a collection of things Jesus said over a long period of time, probably including things he did not teach the apostles until after his resurrection. For example, 10:18 says, you will be brought to trial before rulers and kings. This was not a description of what they would face on this initial missionary journey, but rather something they would face as they went out into the Roman world after the coming of the Holy Spirit. Matthew 10:1-4 Jesus gives authority to 12 apostles to go forth Notice the diversity of the twelve apostles. What does that tell you about what Jesus is looking for in his disciples? The Greek word for “apostle” means one who is sent forth. Apostles go and speak or act on the authority of the person who sent them; here, they are “sent out” in verse 5. But Verse 2 is the only place in Matthew’s Gospel where the word “apostle” is used, whereas Luke refers to them as apostles on other occasions throughout his Gospel. Even in verse 1 Matthew uses the word “disciples.” Why do you think Matthew uses the word “apostles” only once and repeatedly calls them “disciples” everywhere else in his Gospel? Perhaps he does not want his readers (or us) to think that only a select few are called to proclaim the good news – all disciples can do that. He wants us to connect with them and identify with them rather than setting them apart as something different from us. What “authority” does Jesus give them? Why do you think Matthew uses the word “authority” and not the word “power”? Matthew 10:5-15 Jesus gives instructions to the apostles as they go out to proclaim the good news and heal people Where does Jesus tell the apostles to go? Why focus there? Who are “the lost sheep of the house of Israel”? Note: Jesus will go to the Gentiles and to Samaria later in Matthew’s Gospel. Jesus commands the apostles to proclaim the good news (“gospel” means “good news”). What is the specific message they are to proclaim? As they proclaim the good news, what specifically do you think they would be proclaiming? What would they have said after that starting sentence? Who might Jesus be calling you to share his good news with, in your life right now? Jesus commands the apostles to do miraculous works of healing. Why? Why do you think Jesus tells them to bring nothing with them? Verse 10 says, “laborers deserve their food.” If they weren’t bringing any food, how do you think Jesus expected them to eat? What do you think a “worthy” house is, in verse 12? Jesus tells them not to stay in places that do not welcome them or listen to their words, but to leave and shake the dust off their feet as they go? How might that have been intended as a message to the people they were leaving? How might “shaking off the dust” have been an important act for the apostles themselves, in terms of their own psyche as they dealt with rejection? Is there a lesson in here for you, as you try to be a good witness to your faith in Jesus but may encounter varying reactions? What might this say to you? Take a step back and consider this: In the first 9 chapters of his Gospel, Matthew has shown us: where Jesus comes from (Matt. 1-3). the methods Jesus will not use, and, by implication, what methods he will use (Matt. 4). Jesus’s revolutionary teachings on what it means to follow God and how we should interact with each other (Matt. 5-7). the sweeping range of Jesus’s power and authority, the opposition he faces from powerful people, the need for people who are willing to do the work of God, and the costs of choosing to follow him (Matt. 8-9). Then, at the beginning of chapter 10, Jesus empowers his disciples to do what he has done. As you review the first 9 chapters of Matthew and the beginning of chapter 10, what part of this story speaks to you most directly right now with regard to your calling as a disciple of Jesus? What part of Jesus’s good news is God calling you to embrace more fully right now? What action is God inviting to take to put his teachings into action? Bibliography See Matthew - Bibliography at https://www.faithexplored.com/matthew/bibliography . Copyright © 2025, Tom Faletti (Faith Explored, www.faithexplored.com ). This material may be reproduced in whole or in part without alteration, for nonprofit use, provided such reproductions are not sold and include this copyright notice or a similar acknowledgement that includes a reference to Faith Explored and www.faithexplored.com. See www.faithexplored.com for more materials like this. Previous Matthew Index Next